Chusetts



March 24, 1931. v M. NlELsl-:N

CALCULATING MACHNE 3 Sheets-Sheet Original Filed Aug. l-l 1924 March 24, 1931. L MQ NIELSEN 1,797,995

CALCULATING MACHT NE Original Filed Aug. l/l., 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 March 24, 1931. L M. NIELSEN CALGULATING MACHINE Original Filed Aug. l/l, 1924 3 Sheets$heet 5 f//efffor Mae/7 Patented Mar. 24, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LAURITS M. NIELSEN, OF FITCHBUBG, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIQNOR TO WIZARD ADDING MACHINE COMPANY, OF FITCHBURG, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION F MASSA- CHUSETTS CALCULATING MACHINE Application filed August 14, 1924, Serial No. 732,036. Renewed November 22, 1928.

This invention relates to an adding or calculating machine. The principal object of the invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive machine which can be put on the market at a very small figure so as to permit of its use in small stores and plants, and yet be capable of accurately performing all additions, subtractions, multiplications and divisions.

The invention involves the provision of simple and accurate means for connecting up any of the computing Wheels to provide for multiplication, for disconnecting the latter mechanism on the turning down of the 15 handle to register the mathematical compilation, and for restoring all of the wheels to the zero point whenever desired. Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear hereinafter.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a plan of a machine constructed in accordance with this invention, partly broken away, to show interior construction;

Fig. 2 is a similar front view'of the same;

Fig. 3 is an end view of the parts within the casing;

Fig. 4 is a sectional View through the shaft between any two of the discs, as for example, 30. on the line 4- of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view on the line .5M-5 of Fi g. 1 looking in the other direction Fig. 6 is a view of details of the invention shown in the same position as in Fig. 3; and

Fig. 7 is a sectional view on the .line 7--7 of Fig. 6.

I have shown the machine as mounted on a solid base 10 and having a cover 11 of a lighter character, preferably', sheet metal. This cover is provided with a row of preferably circular openings 12 and with a series of parallel slots 13 and an end slot 14. These slots 13 and 14 extend all the way from a position adjacent to the openings 12 to near the lower edge of the front of the casing. At one side of each slot 13 are two series of digits, one running from 1 to 9. The digits in the other series 'are arranged in reverse order and all the columns except the units are arranged so that the sum of the adjacent numerals of the two series is 9, but in the units column it is 1() because the units column commences with 1 instead of zero as the other columns of the second series do.

The base 10 is provided with a pair of end frames 15 which preferably are cast integral with the base and which directly support all the parts of the machine except the casing. These end frames are provided with bearings for the main longitudinal shaft 16. On this shaft is keyed a zero setting handle 17 which passes through the slot 14 and is for the purpose of turning this shaft. On the shaft 16 are loosely mounted a lseries of computing wheels 20, each one of which is provided with numerals.

These wheels 20 are provided with cylindrical flanges giving them the form of cylinders on the exterior of which four series of digits from 0 to 9 are located. Each one of them also is provided with two ratchet wheels 21 and 22 both xedly connected with the computing wheel and located radially inside the flange thereon. The teeth of one extend in one direction and the teeth of the other in the other direction. They are arranged so that they have the same number of teeth and they register with each other, also the number of teeth is equal to the total number of digits around the outside of the wheel.

Mounted at one side of each wheel is an adding lever 25 (Fig. 6) free to swing on the shaft 16, On the lever a finger rest 24 for operating the whole lever is arranged rigidly. This lever is provided with a pivoted pawl 26 adapted to engage the teeth on the ratchet 21. A spring 27 holds this pawl yieldingly in Contact with this ratchet wheel. On the lever 25 is pivoted. a throw-out finger lever 2S which can be presseddown conveniently at the front. This presses up the rear end of this lever which is shaped to engage under the pawl 26 and draw it out from contact with the ratchet wheel 21 so that the lever 25 can be swung up or down without performing any operation. It will remain out of contact with the teeth as long as the front end of the lever 28 is kept depressed at the front, but as soon as it is released the lever Will drop at the rear by gravity and the spring 27 will force fil) back will on its backward motion turn the wheel 9 a quarter of a revolution. On this wheel is fixed a gear meshing with a gear 81 on a longitudinal shaft 82. Therefore this shaft also is rotated. The gear 80 is twice the size of the gear 81 so that the shaft 82 will rotate a half revolution.

On this shaft 82 at the other end is a gear 83 (Figs. 1 and 4) meshing with and operating a gear 84 on a shaft 85. As the ratio between the last two gears is the same as that between the gears 80 and 81 the motion is multiplied again and the shaft 85 will rotate through a complete revolution. On its end near the operating handle the shaft 85 is provided with a stop wheel 86 (Fig. 3) having a single tooth thereon. A pawl 87 is pivoted at a convenient point and pressed by a spring 88 into contact with the surface of the wheel 86. On the pawl is a projection 89 which is engaged by the arm 68 at that end when it is pushed down to its lowest limit so as to pull the pawl out of contact with the wheel 86 and release the saine so that it can be rotated through a complete revolution as stated. Before it finishes a revolution by the lifting of the lever 67 the pawl comes back to stop it exactly in the desired position.

This shaft 85 is provided with a series of radial pins 90, one for each of the computing wheels except'the units one. As this shaft rotates a complete revolution for each operation of the handle 67, each of these pins will go around a whole revolution at each operation. They are arranged at different angles so as to be staggered and not operate all at the same time, but each one of them, when it comes around to the top, engages an arm 100, which is pivoted on a longitudinal rod or shaft 101, and lifts it. To this arm is pivoted a spring-pressed pawl 102 adapted to engage one of the teeth of the ratchet 21.

'Therefore if it is in engagement with the ratchet that wheel 20 will be rotated one spare when the handle 67 is depressed and restored. This carries one.

On each of the wheels 20 at the side opposite the ratchet wheels, there are four pins 105 (Figs. 17 4 and near the circun'lference. The number four is chosen because there are four sets of numerals around the disc. As any one of these pins comes around it will engage the rear side of a projection 106 on a trip pawl 107. These pawls are freely and individually pivoted on a fixed longitudinal rod 108 and each is pulled back by a spring 109. Pawls 107 have bent-over edges engaging a pin on the levers 102 to lift them. Wlhen these pawls 107 are swung up the ends of the corresponding pawls 102 will engage in the ratchet wheels 21 the particular ratchet 21, being on the wheel 20 which is to the left of the one whose pin 105 has just actuated 107. Now the next complete rotation of the shaft 85 will lift each arm 100 and certain of the ratchet wheels will be advanced one step. This is for the purpose of carrying one into the next column.

Each of the pawls 107 is provided with a projection 110 normallyholding up a pivoted latch arm 111 which is held down by a spring (not shown) and has two teeth 112 (Fig. 5) at its outer end, either one of which is adapted to rest on the projection 110. l/Vhen a pin 105 engages the projection 106 and moves the pawl 102 into operative position, the project-ion 110 is swung out of the first tooth 112 into the second one, thus lowering the arm 111 and locking the pawl 107 up out of reach of the pins 105. These arms 111 are located directly over the arms 100 and adapted tobe raised by them when the pins actuate the latter. This restores the arms 111 individually to operative posi ,fr

tion in the first tooth 112-after they have operated to carry one. It is to be noted also that when the handle 17 is operated, a projection 115 on its hub pushes a rod 116 connected with an arm 117' on a longitudinal 1:'

shaft 118. On this shaft are fixed a series of blocks 119 so that they swing with it and raise the arms 111 and allow the springs 109 to pull the pawls 107 back down into normal posit-ion. This is an additional positive safety device for ensuring the restoring of the carrying mechanism to normal position.

Operation In order to add, the numbers to be added i-.-

are set up on the machine by moving up the several finger rests 24 to the necessary points. If, for example, the number indicated in Fig. 1 is the first one to be added, the fourth finger is set up to 7, the fifth one to 4 and the -1 sixth one to 2. In setting them up it is not necessary to do anything except to more them up to the desired point and let go of them. If it so happens that one of them is. accidentally set too high the lever 28 can be yv depressed and the whole lever 25 can then be moved back. It cannot be moved back at any other time without interfering with the setting of the device.

N ow with the parts in this position the op-v Asit.

ter the number 7420 in the openings They will necessarily turn just the right spaces to register the desired numbers. Ignoring the first three wheels the parts are now in the position shown in Fig. 1. N ow the next number in the column of figures set up in thesame Way and the machine operated as stated. The sum oli the several 'numbers will alivays appear inf the 'openings 12'.

Then it is necessary to carry one this is done'automatically by the action of" the pins 105, one-of which is placed in proper relation to the computing Wheel to operate the corresponding paWl 107 and consequently set the rpaivl 102' into contact with the next ratchet Wheel 21. rl`his does not operate that wheel, `though at that time. rlhat Wheel can be turned. later Without interfering,` with the carrying of the one but when all' the numbers arey set up and registered the handle 07 operated in the same Way as above stated, and has all the actions above stated, but in addition. the ratchet Wheel 7 9 is actuated and consequently the. shaft is turned around a complete revolution when the handle 67 is raised. All the pins on the shat't S5 actuate allihe arms 100. rlhese all act idly except those Whose pawis 102 have been pushed down into contact with their respective ratchet Wheels 21- by the action of pins 105 and pawls 107. In those cases the raising'othe arms1-00 will push the corresponding ratchet Wheels 21 around one space and add' one to that column or' figures. This leaves these particular pavvls 102 in contact with the ratchet Wheels. They are held there by the arm 1111 and one ora its teeth 112. To restore these parts to the position shown in Fig. Ll upward motion oi the arm 100 just described raisesthe arm 111 so that the lower tooth instead ofthe upper tooth 1112 co-acts with the vprojection on the paivlV 107.

This lets the paivl bach into the positionl shown in Fig. i1 This also restores the projection 106 on that paWl to a position in the path of the pins 105 so thatthey can actuatc it it required the next time around.

For the purpose or subtracting` the minucnd is set' up onA the machine the same way as cescribediabovc and then the subtrahend is set up on the machine by the use oi' the small numerals at the right of each column Ainsteafid o'l'i the principal numerals which are.

used for addition, multiplication, etc. All the levers at the left of the number to be subtracted are. set up to the top or the r,zeros ot their respective columns. Then the machine is operated in the same Way and the result produced is the remainder ieit from this subtraction. Gi course this is really a process of addition in which a complementary number is added instead ofthe real,

number being` subtracted.

l41 or the purpose of multiplication the multiplicand: is `setup on themachine in the usual way but the several finger rests 36 on all the levers 25 that L-ave been moved are set down 'into the position shown in Fig. 6. This brings their respective teeth 38 into one of the notches 39 of each multiplying lever Ll0.

fated rive` times. 25 to the lever 40sothat each time the Ahandle Now the machine is operated by the handle 67 to perform the'C multiplication'. H thenumlber iste be multiplied by 5 this lever is operrllhetooth 238. locks the lever 67 is operated thel machine sets itself back `to its origina-l .position andy each of the com.- puting Wheels is turned live times, each time a distance representing: the multiplicand. rlhe carrying isy done in the same Way as in addition,'o'r" course, and the result'is equally accurate. lust `before the fifth or lastV motion ot the handle 67 the operator .presses dzon/'non the rest 55. and holds it down-:untill the handle 67 is lowered. The result of this is that the projections 60 are located bythisae tion in such position. as to engage'the projections 51 onrthe levers 35 and torce-these levers .zo the position shown iin Fig. el and; With-- f all they teeth hfrom the toothed members on the levers 4.0. lhissets the machine back to normal positionl ready for-any'otlier operation. It is toy bcnot'ed that lWhereveirthe mul-tiplying levers are moved by the actionof the vlevers 25 the tai-ls del are vin aposition to be engaged by Vthe rod 72 and brought bacl to Zero position each opera-tion Voi' the handle-67. y

it will bel seen. thaty his machine, WhileA not vcaps-.blc o; or eration- With exactlytie same speed; as some of 'che more complicated machines, is very much. simpler and lessv expensive. lt ini-'olves comparatively few parts and these/parts arefarranged compactly. The machine is designed not to. be used by the largest plants but to occupy a lield. in which there is demand for calculating machines but in which the cost oi` the ordinary machines is too. great to. Warrant vtheir purchase. ln stores and small plants .thismachineisa very practical one for perforn'iing,A all the` desired calculating operations.

lthougijh l. have illustrated. and described only asingle form of the invention` l am aware of the fact that modifications (can be made therein by any person skilled in the art without departing; from the scope ofthe invention as expressed in the claims.k Therefore 1 do not wish tobc limitedA all the details oit construction herein shown and. de-

scribe-d butV what l do claim is z- 1. In an adding machine,`the combination ol' a computing` ivheelloosely mounted and h aving a series of digits arranged in order at its circumference, a ratchet wheel fixedto said computin Wheel. a leverpivoted adjacent to the computing' Wheel havinga paivl for engagement With the teeth of. a ratchet Wheel, and a throu -out lever pivoted on said lever and having means `for holdingthepavvl outof operative position` so that the first named lever can be moved Without setting,` the machine.

p2. ln an 'adding machine, the combination or a. computing Wheel', a ratchet Wheel fixed to.

said computing wheel, a lever pivoted adjacent tothe computing wheel, a spring-pressed paul for engagement with the teeth ot the ratchet Wheel, and a throw-out lever pivoted on said lever and having a projection for engaging the paul to hold it ont of operative position` the spring of the paivl being arranged to torce the pawl and the throw-out lever bach int-o position for the pawl to engage the ratchet.

3. In an ac' ig machine, the combination of a computing Wheel, a ratchet Wheel iiited to said computing Wheel, a lever pivoted adjacent to the computinU Wheel, a spring-pressed paivl lfor engagement with the teeth of the ratchet wheel, and a lever pivoted on said lever and having means for holding the paWl out oi' operative position, the lirst named lever having a linger piece on the end for operating the same and the last named lever' having a finger piece above the corresponding tirstnamed inger piece and adjacent to it.

l. In an adding machine, the combination with a main shaft, ot' a computing Wheel mounted loosely on said shaft, a ratchet Wheel fixed to said computing wheel, a lever loosely pivoted en said shaft, and having a springpressed pawl thereon for engaging the teeth of a ratchet Wheel, another paWl mounted on said lever, a second ratchet Wheel iiXed to said computing Wheel in Which the last named paivl is adapted to engage, a spring for normally holding the last named pawl out of engagement with its ratchet Wheel, and means for engaging the end of the last named paWl and moving it into contact With its ratchet wheel and preventing the Wheel from rotating too far.

5. In an adding machine, the combination of a yfreely rotatable computing Wheel, having a ratchet wheel rotatable therewith, means for setting the machine and turning the ratchet Wheel to register the number of spaces through which it turns, a lever, a rod connected with said lever to swing about the same center as the computing Wheel, a swinging lever for said Wheel pivoted on the same axis, a paivl mounted on said lever for said ratchet wheel, said paWl having a projection extending out in a position to be operated by said rod when the lever is depressed to string said paivl into engagement With its ratchet and prevent the computing Wheel `from turning too far by its momentum, and yielding means for normally holding said pawl out ot engagement With its ratchet.

6. In a calculating machine, the combina* tion with a main shaft, a computing Wheel loosely mounted thereon and a corresponding finger lever for turning the Wheel independently olf the shaft, of an operating handle, a

lever pivoted on said shaft, means connected with said handle for turning said levell when the handle is depressed, a rod extending across the machine under said Wheel and supported at its end by said lever for operating the Wheel to turn it in accordance with its setting by the `operating handle, and a multiplying attachment -for the wheel having a tail projecting in the path of said rod to be operated thereby for multiplying purposes.

7. ln a multiplying machine, the combination with a computing wheel, means connectcd with the ivheel for performing an adding operation and an operating handle haring means connected with said adding means for operating it, of a multiplying toothed memo-er oscillatable on the axis of said Wheel, an adding lever for cooperation With the computing Wheel to determine the multiplie-and, and a pawl on said adding lever for engaging one of the teeth of the multiplying member, said adding lever being constructed to operate said paivl and hold the pawl in contact with the multiplying member, whereby When the operating handle is operated it will turn the computing Wheel the required distance cach time Without change in the setting of the machine and perform the multiplying opera tion.

8. In a multiplying machine, the combination With a main'shafh'a computing Wheel loosely mounted thereon, an operating han` dle having means connected with said adding means for operating it, and an adding mechanism comprising a rod oscillatable about the circumference of the computing Wheel and operated by the operating handle, of a toothed multiplying member loosely mounted on said shaft, an adding lever for cooperation with the computing Wheel to set up the number to be multiplied, a multiplying lever on the adding lever, and a pawl on the adding lever for engaging one of the teeth of the multiplying member, said adding lever being constructed to operate said paWl and hold the paWl in contact With the member until released, the multiplying member having a projection located in the path of said rod, whereby the multiplying member Will be turned back to its original position at each operation of the operating handle.

9. In a multiplying machine, the combination With a main shaft, a computing Wheel loosely mounted thereon, a multiplying lever,

and an operating handle having means connected. with said multiplying lever for operating it, of a multiplying ratchet loosely mounted on said shaft, said ratchet being composed of nine teeth, an adding lever for cooperation With the computing Wheel to set up the amount to be multiplied, and a pavvl on the adding lever having a tooth for engaging one of the teeth of the multiplying ratchet, said multiplying lever being constructed to operate said pawl and hold the pawl in contact with the ratchet until released, and a spring, and the multiplying lever having a projection cooperating With the spring to hold the multiplying lever in either its opy erative 'or inoperative position against being displaced by yacci-dent. p

Vl0. In a multiplying machine, the combination With a computing Wheel, and an operating hand-le, of a multiplying ratchet having a projection tail, an adding leveror cooperation With the computing Wheel, a multiplying lever 4on the adding lever, a pawl on the adding lever having la tooth for engaging one of the teeth of the multiplying ratchet, a shaft, two levers pivoted thereon and a rod carried by said arms and adapted to be moved to tvv-o positions in one of Which it is in the path of the tail of said multiplying ratchet and will turn the multiplying ratchet back to neutral position.

1l. In a multiplying machine, the combination with va Vcomputing Wheel, and yan operating handle, ofa multiplying ratchet having al projecting tail, an adding lever for co.-

operation with the computing Wheel, a pawl on said adding lever having a tooth for engaging one of the teeth of the multiplying ratchet, a shaft, two levers pivoted on the shaft, and a rod carried by saidl arms and adapted to be moved to two positions in one of which it is inthe path ofthe tail of said multiplying ratchet and will turn the. multiplying ratchet back to neutral position, and

also Will turn the adding lever back to neutral position.

In testimony Whereofl have hereunto afki fixed my signature.

LAURirs M. NIELSEN. 

